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THE FINAL SOLUTION PART 2
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Narration
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Himmler asked
to watch a shooting.
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On an inspection of the center
of SS operations in Minsk,
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one hundred prisoners were chosen
for a demonstration.
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Wolff, at the time general and contact
of Himmler in Hitler's barracks,
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he was one of the inspectors.
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As I remember,
It was at the end of August.
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Two months passed
from the beginning of the Russian campaign
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when Hitler
He told me to accompany Himmler
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on a trip
to occupied territories
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in Minsk, Russia.
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I did this,
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and during the journey, and vice versa
of my expectations
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or the information we had,
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I was forced by Himmler
watching a shooting.
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He said, "You're lucky
for being in the close circle,
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"that is, it is present
at every meal.
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"It's in the meetings
military planning,
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You also have to know what
we expect from our troops."
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They had dug a mass grave.
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They had to jump there
and lie face down.
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Sometimes when one or two lines
they had already been shot,
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they had to stay on top
of the people who were dead,
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and they were shot at the edge of the ditch.
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Himmler never saw
a dead person.
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Curious as he was, he advanced
to the edge of the mass grave,
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a kind of triangular hole
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and looked inside.
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As I looked,
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Himmler had the bad luck he deserved
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to carry with brains in the coat
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of the people who had been
hit in the head.
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I think so too
it ended up in his face.
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He turned green and pale.
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I wasn't sick,
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but he was in a bad mood
and turned and swayed.
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Then I had to move on
to grab him
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and took him away from the ditch.
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At the end of the shooting,
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Himmler assembled the squad
of shooting around him,
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and was standing in his car,
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to be higher
and see the whole company.
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He gave a speech.
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I had seen how difficult it was
the task they had to perform
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by Germany
in occupied territories.
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Even though everything is horrible,
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even to him as a mere spectator,
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how it must be even worse for them
that they had to perform it.
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He saw no other solution.
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He had to be strong and decisive.
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I could not release them from service,
I couldn't spare them.
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In the interests of the Reich,
in this hundred-year Reich,
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in the first decisive war
after taking power,
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they had
to fulfill their mission,
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even though it seems difficult.
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He appealed
to their sense of patriotism,
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and is ready to make sacrifices.
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Then he left.
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He left this police unit
thinking about your own future,
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to see if and to what extent
they could handle it.
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Because for some it was a shock
that lasted a lifetime.
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The psychological effort of shooting
defenseless people every day,
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had its effect
even in SS with a lot of experience.
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But they knew that if they failed,
they would also be shot.
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That's why they anesthetized themselves
with alcohol
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or they adjusted, discovering
a perverse pleasure in the task.
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They took photos as if
were hunters with their fangs.
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They rested, enjoying
good pay and security
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and took long leaves.
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There were so many photos circulating,
that were banned,
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seen as a subversion
of decency and discipline.
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Himmler needed a way
cleaner and more impersonal to kill.
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Did you remember the order
of Hitler's euthanasia.
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Since 1939, 50 thousand disabled people
mental and insane people were killed,
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purifying the race of weak genes.
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The victims were taken to
sites like the Hadamar Institute.
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They were eliminated in chambers
gas shoes made for the occasion
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disguised as showers
to reduce suspicion.
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This system could be
developed to deal with Jews.
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The end result was the Chamber of
Gas and Crematorium of Auschwitz,
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a unit made to eliminate
2,000 bodies in a 12-hour shift.
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A tall chimney that drained
the smoke of five furnaces,
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made to measure by the company
Topf and Erfurt Company.
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The description highlighted the use of
body fat as fuel.
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Corpse equipment,
the metal parts,
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the doors are gas-tight
with rubber insulation
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and an observation hatch
with double glazing, type 100/192,
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were made by the Company
of German Armament.
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The architect
was Dr. Heinz Kammler,
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from the SS office
of Economics and Administration.
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The deadly agent
was a commercial pesticide,
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Zyklon-B, provided by the company
in addition to Combating Worms.
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The cans contained marbles
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that placed in a grid
in the "Corpse Cave"
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released hydrogen cyanide,
or prossic acid.
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Since the beginning of the war, camps
of concentration were built
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� image of Dachau
throughout occupied Europe.
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At his peak, Himmler controlled
20 concentration camps
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and 900 job fields.
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They were part of the device to
dominate the conquered peoples.
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They were managed by the SS
and surrounded by secrecy and fear.
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Everything he needed for a
mass murder program.
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In the East, where the
largest concentrations of Jews,
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new fields were built
and the improved old ones
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to become
in extermination factories.
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Affluent Jews could
work before they die.
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The fields were close
of the railways.
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The biggest complex of all
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it was built in the industrial city
of Oswencim, Auschwitz,
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in part of Poland
which was under German control.
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It was chosen because it was
on the route between Krakow and Vienna.
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"Work sets you free",
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said the old Dachau motto
which was posted at the entrance.
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The camp commander was a
SS major, trained at Dachau,
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Rudolf Hoss.
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His father wanted him to be a priest,
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but he had joined the Nazi party
and soon passed to the SS.
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When Himmler ordered the creation
the "largest extermination center"
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he didn't ask anything.
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He took his family and children
to Auschwitz and did his duty.
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3 thousand SS, poorly prepared
to the front,
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they were employed as guards.
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Himmler visited twice
Auschwitz to speed everything up.
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Hoss complained
late delivery of materials
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and the poor quality of employees.
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Once again, the problem
it was the discord between priorities.
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What was most important? Kill
the Jews or win the war?
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The "Final Solution" was a task
as big as an operation.
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The field system had to be
independent to the maximum.
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Most of the work
it was done by prisoners.
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As for the lack of guards,
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Himmler said sharply
to Hoss: "Get more dogs."
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Himmler was eager to
see the new death factory.
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There would be six crematoriums located far apart
of the three main fields.
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They would be disguised in woods
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or hidden from neighboring fields
by trees.
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But also these
were late,
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due to late delivery
of materials.
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However, Hoss had done
experiences with Zyklon-B
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in existing buildings
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and trained men to burn
bodies in mass graves.
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Although Himmler could not see
the new device working,
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saw a demonstration
of the new method of homicide.
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Hoss noticed
that he seemed indifferent.
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However,
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Heydrich, as head of the service
Himmler's security system,
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it would be my mission to plan the trip of
Jews for gas chambers.
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This was his priority while
Nazi leader of Czechoslovakia.
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Your task in the "Final Solution"
it depended on everyone's collaboration:
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Police, Ministry
of Foreign Affairs,
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SS, local authorities,
and control a dozen countries,
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for the millions of Jews
be taken in an orderly manner
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and transported across Europe
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to arrive on time
to killing centers.
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In January 1942, Heydrich
called a conference
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from representatives of the ministries
in Wannsee, near Berlin.
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Out in charge
to prepare the "Final Solution"
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the problem of the Jews in Europe.
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All central agencies
should get together
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to have
a single line of action.
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He outlined the new plan.
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The number of Jews
in each country it was calculated.
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Europe would be swept away
from West to East.
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The disguise to use
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it would be for the Jews to be relocated
to work in the East.
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The total number of Jews to be eliminated
exceeded 11 million.
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The permanent administrator
of the plan was Adolf Eichman.
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He kept the minutes.
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Eichman said that opinions
contrary were convinced.
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Cognac was served.
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A film, "Der Ewige Jude"
(The Eternal Jew),
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it was distributed in all cities
of occupied Europe
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where, until then, the Jews
had been left alone.
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There was only one concern:
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what if non-Jews
take pity on their Jewish neighbors
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and tried to prevent
their deportation?
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Propaganda could solve this.
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Like rats, they appear
and bring destruction with them.
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They destroy human gods and goods.
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In this way, they spread diseases,
plague, leprosy, typhus, cholera,
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prostitution and many others.
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They are sly, cowardly and barbaric
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and they usually wear long scarves.
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They represent animals, the element
responsible for the destruction.
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Nothing less than the Jew
between people.
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"Der Ewige Jude" said that
the Western Jew was a worm,
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a dangerous parasite.
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It was just western clothes
that made him look different.
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Now he wears western clothes
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and is ready to introduce yourself
in Western civilization.
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Of course these ghetto Jews
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they can't move well
in clean, western clothes.
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In 1942,
Jews in Western Countries
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were ordered to use
an identifying yellow star.
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The Nazis needed to remove
the Jews of your neighbors.
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Thus, non-Jews
they wouldn't interfere so much
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when the Jews
were deported.
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In Holland, they threatened
with six months in prison
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any Jew who did not use
the star within five days.
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To speed everything up, the Council
Jewish distributed stars.
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It would become a familiar pattern.
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00:14:33,828 --> 00:14:37,184
By trying to save the community
of German threats, the Councils
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00:14:37,348 --> 00:14:40,545
they applied it themselves
anti-Semitic Nazi measures.
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Pressure increased for
Jews go "to work East."
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The Germans took hostages.
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The Council had to guarantee
that everyone introduced themselves.
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In Denmark,
the Resistance and the people
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carried out rescue operations.
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In Italy and Bulgaria,
the officers prevaricated.
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00:15:16,868 --> 00:15:20,224
But almost everywhere,
there was little opposition
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00:15:20,388 --> 00:15:23,300
when the Jews were forced
to present himself for deportation.
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00:15:23,468 --> 00:15:25,060
Or people didn't care
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00:15:25,228 --> 00:15:28,903
or were intimidated
with the Gestapo and the SS.
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00:15:29,748 --> 00:15:32,023
"All paths
lead to Westerbork",
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00:15:32,188 --> 00:15:36,022
said Eichman's representative
in Amsterdam to the Jews.
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Every country in Western Europe,
had a Westerbork,
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a transit field, managed
like concentration camps.
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00:15:44,268 --> 00:15:47,226
Trains were received
by FK, Colunas Voadoras,
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00:15:47,388 --> 00:15:51,017
groups of residents whose mission
it was sharing the luggage.
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00:15:51,588 --> 00:15:53,704
In Westerbork,
as in the rest of the system,
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00:15:53,948 --> 00:15:57,020
the SS guarded,
supervised and gave orders,
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but the residents were
responsible for the daily routine.
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Westerbork had a police
Judaism and a Jewish Council,
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Again, patriotic Jews found
better accept responsibilities
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00:16:09,828 --> 00:16:12,786
than letting everyone
At the mercy of the SS.
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00:16:13,548 --> 00:16:18,497
In two and a half years, one hundred thousand
people passed through Westerbork,
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supervised
by a minimum number of Germans.
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Entries have been recorded
in the Central Registry
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00:16:38,068 --> 00:16:41,185
by Jewish officials.
Then the Labor Office,
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00:16:41,348 --> 00:16:44,101
also managed by residents,
distribute the tasks.
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You can spend days or months
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before they are sent
to the new territories to the East.
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00:16:53,628 --> 00:16:57,507
The main work in Westerbork
was to give new use to metal
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from old electric batteries.
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00:17:01,748 --> 00:17:04,103
Despite the conditions
in traffic fields,
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people feared the day when
who would be removed from their family.
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00:17:08,868 --> 00:17:12,861
They feared their unknown fate
from where no one would return.
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We stayed together
for four weeks
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and then my parents
and my younger brother
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00:17:19,828 --> 00:17:21,898
They had to leave us in the transport.
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00:17:22,548 --> 00:17:27,338
You should have gone with them, but
They didn't leave me, because I had...
243
00:17:28,348 --> 00:17:31,863
How do you say it? Scarlet fever.
I had scarlet fever.
244
00:17:32,028 --> 00:17:35,657
It was one of the wicked things
from the Germans...
245
00:17:35,988 --> 00:17:38,377
When you were sick,
You couldn't go to...
246
00:17:38,948 --> 00:17:42,065
the gas chamber. No.
First, we had to improve.
247
00:17:42,228 --> 00:17:44,617
They gave us the illusion
that nothing had happened,
248
00:17:44,788 --> 00:17:47,507
Why don't they let us travel
when we are sick.
249
00:17:47,668 --> 00:17:48,862
I had to...
250
00:17:49,348 --> 00:17:53,307
My brother came to say goodbye
of me. I looked at him and thought:
251
00:17:53,468 --> 00:17:57,746
"For God's sake,
He can't go in those clothes."
252
00:17:58,228 --> 00:18:00,458
He was short.
253
00:18:00,708 --> 00:18:04,542
I gave him one of my coats
and I thought:
254
00:18:05,148 --> 00:18:08,026
"It closes the other way around,
but it doesn't hurt."
255
00:18:08,188 --> 00:18:10,019
I gave him a pair of boots
256
00:18:12,468 --> 00:18:16,302
and I looked at him
when he walked away from...
257
00:18:16,708 --> 00:18:18,619
shed
258
00:18:18,908 --> 00:18:21,900
and from the back, he looked like me.
259
00:18:22,668 --> 00:18:25,865
I was sure
that I would never see him again.
260
00:18:26,508 --> 00:18:27,941
I was sure.
261
00:18:31,668 --> 00:18:35,217
The day you left
Westerbork was on Tuesdays.
262
00:18:38,188 --> 00:18:41,021
They sent the camp leaders
make a list of names
263
00:18:41,188 --> 00:18:43,144
to make up the total
that the Germans needed,
264
00:18:43,588 --> 00:18:45,226
normally about a thousand.
265
00:18:49,148 --> 00:18:51,503
at 7am, those who were selected
for transportation,
266
00:18:51,668 --> 00:18:55,422
they gathered in silence under
the supervision of the SS and FK.
267
00:18:56,308 --> 00:18:57,946
If someone was missing,
268
00:18:58,108 --> 00:19:01,942
50 people were chosen
chance and getting into trains.
269
00:19:02,268 --> 00:19:05,146
The trip lasted
four weeks or more.
270
00:19:05,428 --> 00:19:09,341
In each wagon, some straw
and a bucket for necessities.
271
00:19:14,188 --> 00:19:16,907
At 11am sharp, the whistle sounded
272
00:19:17,388 --> 00:19:19,140
and the train left.
273
00:19:19,348 --> 00:19:22,465
There were no obstacles, no strikes,
274
00:19:22,628 --> 00:19:25,142
sabotage
or Allied bombing.
275
00:19:25,348 --> 00:19:27,066
As Eichman said:
276
00:19:27,388 --> 00:19:29,583
"The trains were moving
which was a beauty. "
277
00:19:46,068 --> 00:19:49,981
Throughout Europe, the SS
and the Police gathered the Jews.
278
00:19:50,548 --> 00:19:54,382
They knew that violence was
the alternative for a calm delivery
279
00:19:54,948 --> 00:19:57,143
and if they were found
hidden, they were punished
280
00:19:57,308 --> 00:20:00,380
and also prison and certain death
to anyone who helped them.
281
00:20:01,268 --> 00:20:03,543
Many Jews
thought it was better,
282
00:20:03,708 --> 00:20:07,906
more honorable to present themselves
when their turn came.
283
00:20:11,068 --> 00:20:15,346
At the Wannsee Conference,
the representative of the Polish government,
284
00:20:15,508 --> 00:20:17,942
said he only had
a favor to ask.
285
00:20:18,188 --> 00:20:20,497
That the Jewish question
in his territory
286
00:20:20,668 --> 00:20:22,624
had been resolved
as quickly as possible.
287
00:20:22,868 --> 00:20:26,178
There were 2.5 million people
in Polish ghettos.
288
00:20:26,468 --> 00:20:29,699
The rations were so small
that there were people dying from hunger.
289
00:20:32,748 --> 00:20:35,467
The Jewish Council achieved
organize soup kitchens,
290
00:20:35,868 --> 00:20:37,824
but they continued
thousands dying.
291
00:20:46,828 --> 00:20:48,500
Naked corpses,
292
00:20:48,668 --> 00:20:51,660
because others took off their clothes
to keep warm
293
00:20:51,828 --> 00:20:55,025
they were on the street waiting
from the car of the dead.
294
00:21:05,548 --> 00:21:07,618
The roots
were further reduced.
295
00:21:08,028 --> 00:21:10,781
There would be no problem finding
volunteers for relocation,
296
00:21:10,948 --> 00:21:13,382
when it was time
to empty the ghettos.
297
00:21:31,268 --> 00:21:33,941
We no longer had strength
to suffer.
298
00:21:34,108 --> 00:21:37,225
We couldn't continue like this.
Wherever you went,
299
00:21:37,548 --> 00:21:40,301
we imagined
It couldn't be worse.
300
00:21:40,468 --> 00:21:41,901
It couldn't be worse.
301
00:21:43,948 --> 00:21:48,783
All the volunteers, who wanted
leave the ghetto of their own free will,
302
00:21:48,988 --> 00:21:51,661
wherever I went,
they received bread.
303
00:21:52,028 --> 00:21:54,496
They also received
some margarine and drink
304
00:21:54,668 --> 00:21:56,260
and also sweet.
305
00:21:56,628 --> 00:21:59,381
We decided to surrender
of free will.
306
00:22:02,268 --> 00:22:04,020
Carried away by the promise of food,
307
00:22:04,188 --> 00:22:06,656
people fought
for a chance to leave.
308
00:22:15,628 --> 00:22:17,937
They even paid
the train ticket.
309
00:22:30,028 --> 00:22:34,579
Only from the Warsaw ghetto in ten
weeks, from July to October '42,
310
00:22:34,748 --> 00:22:37,626
310 thousand people left.
311
00:22:37,868 --> 00:22:40,621
They boarded guarded trains
and sealed.
312
00:22:40,788 --> 00:22:43,177
Six thousand people
filled a train.
313
00:22:43,348 --> 00:22:44,747
A truck carried a hundred.
314
00:23:34,388 --> 00:23:36,140
As soon as we entered,
315
00:23:36,308 --> 00:23:38,378
as soon as they locked the door,
316
00:23:38,548 --> 00:23:41,187
Horrible screams were heard inside.
317
00:23:43,228 --> 00:23:46,982
In Polish, Dishe, German,
people begging.
318
00:23:47,228 --> 00:23:50,777
There was no air. We were suffocating,
suffocating, suffocating.
319
00:23:52,268 --> 00:23:55,544
It was a troubled trip
with long stops.
320
00:23:55,988 --> 00:23:58,627
Unfortunately, the train stopped
321
00:23:58,788 --> 00:24:02,747
and always
too far from a water source,
322
00:24:03,188 --> 00:24:06,578
so that after a day
there was not a drop of water.
323
00:24:07,028 --> 00:24:09,383
The children began to feel thirsty,
324
00:24:09,588 --> 00:24:11,624
people had to...
325
00:24:12,788 --> 00:24:15,939
How to say?
Fulfill physiological needs,
326
00:24:16,108 --> 00:24:17,905
how to evacuate and everything.
327
00:24:18,068 --> 00:24:21,105
And the wagon looked like crap.
328
00:24:21,468 --> 00:24:25,302
There was always a fight for the only bucket,
329
00:24:25,508 --> 00:24:28,466
which could not be empty.
330
00:24:30,308 --> 00:24:32,697
Parents were obliged...
331
00:24:32,948 --> 00:24:37,385
They had to calm the children down
only during the trip.
332
00:24:37,548 --> 00:24:41,177
But we survived the trip,
children shouldn't suffer so much
333
00:24:41,348 --> 00:24:43,418
and neither do the older ones.
334
00:24:43,668 --> 00:24:46,580
Suddenly people
stopped being worried
335
00:24:46,748 --> 00:24:48,864
with the past or the future,
336
00:24:49,028 --> 00:24:51,622
but rather about surviving the trip.
337
00:24:52,268 --> 00:24:56,466
This was hell on rails.
338
00:25:00,228 --> 00:25:02,025
The first to faint
were the children,
339
00:25:02,268 --> 00:25:04,498
women and elderly people.
340
00:25:05,308 --> 00:25:08,698
Everyone falls like flies.
They really looked like flies.
341
00:25:10,348 --> 00:25:12,498
My father was by my side.
342
00:25:12,868 --> 00:25:15,701
Suddenly I see that he is falling.
343
00:25:15,868 --> 00:25:17,460
He fell.
344
00:25:20,028 --> 00:25:22,064
I shouted, "Father, father!"
345
00:25:22,508 --> 00:25:25,181
And he didn't listen to me. He had fainted.
346
00:25:25,868 --> 00:25:27,779
He had fainted
347
00:25:27,988 --> 00:25:30,900
and with all my strength,
with all the strength I had,
348
00:25:31,068 --> 00:25:33,059
I tried to lift him and wake him up.
349
00:25:33,748 --> 00:25:35,500
But I couldn't.
350
00:25:36,828 --> 00:25:39,820
Then I found a piece
of wood on the floor.
351
00:25:40,508 --> 00:25:45,059
I got up and started
hitting people with a stick.
352
00:25:45,508 --> 00:25:48,625
I started hitting people
next to me in the wagon,
353
00:25:48,868 --> 00:25:50,938
to make space
for my father,
354
00:25:51,108 --> 00:25:53,144
so he can get up.
355
00:25:59,188 --> 00:26:02,021
I remember that suffering
I didn't care about others,
356
00:26:02,188 --> 00:26:03,860
their cries and threats,
357
00:26:04,228 --> 00:26:06,423
just for my father to get up
358
00:26:06,588 --> 00:26:08,818
so I won't be alone in the world.
359
00:26:13,148 --> 00:26:15,867
The trains were chartered
to the State's railways
360
00:26:16,028 --> 00:26:18,861
by the SS and led
by neutral drivers.
361
00:26:19,268 --> 00:26:21,384
Auschwitz was a stop
very busy:
362
00:26:21,628 --> 00:26:24,745
flowed normal goods, trains
military and passenger,
363
00:26:24,908 --> 00:26:26,899
as well as trains
with Jews.
364
00:26:27,788 --> 00:26:31,178
Willi Hilse worked for
the state railways,
365
00:26:31,348 --> 00:26:34,818
a protected profession,
which freed him from military service.
366
00:26:35,028 --> 00:26:39,146
In 1942, they ordered him to take
asset deposit account
367
00:26:39,348 --> 00:26:40,542
in Auschwitz.
368
00:26:42,628 --> 00:26:45,347
As a result of heavy traffic,
369
00:26:45,508 --> 00:26:49,786
the person in charge of the height
I couldn't do everything.
370
00:26:51,588 --> 00:26:53,738
First, he asked me a question:
371
00:26:54,108 --> 00:26:57,145
if I had known there was
a concentration camp in the area.
372
00:26:57,548 --> 00:27:01,336
Of course I had to give an answer
negative, because I didn't know.
373
00:27:04,348 --> 00:27:06,816
During the conversation, he told me:
374
00:27:07,308 --> 00:27:11,904
"Look ahead, look back,
to the right and left.
375
00:27:12,748 --> 00:27:16,343
You're in the middle of the field
Auschwitz concentration camp."
376
00:27:19,108 --> 00:27:20,826
Then I asked him a question,
377
00:27:20,988 --> 00:27:23,786
because I noticed
a sweet smell in the air.
378
00:27:23,948 --> 00:27:25,222
I asked what it was.
379
00:27:29,228 --> 00:27:31,025
He replied to me:
380
00:27:31,668 --> 00:27:35,946
"It's the smell of the dead who were
burned here in Auschwitz."
381
00:27:56,788 --> 00:27:59,507
Whether they were normal trains
or transportation,
382
00:27:59,668 --> 00:28:01,784
everyone had to pass
in Auschwitz.
383
00:28:04,148 --> 00:28:07,265
The trains were separate
at Auschwitz station.
384
00:28:07,428 --> 00:28:09,020
In other words, they received another machine,
385
00:28:09,188 --> 00:28:11,702
because they had to
a maneuver at the station
386
00:28:11,868 --> 00:28:13,301
until they reach their final destination.
387
00:28:15,708 --> 00:28:18,381
Then, they went to the points
that connected the line
388
00:28:18,548 --> 00:28:20,061
to the extermination camp.
389
00:28:27,028 --> 00:28:30,259
For a while, one of the tasks
was to receive the weight guide.
390
00:28:36,948 --> 00:28:41,305
As I said, the shipping bill was
for German railways
391
00:28:41,468 --> 00:28:43,584
to handle accounts
with the SS.
392
00:28:46,108 --> 00:28:49,180
Those were the two things
that let us see immediately
393
00:28:49,348 --> 00:28:51,100
that this was a case
horror train.
394
00:28:54,428 --> 00:28:58,262
Employees at the station
saw and heard the passengers.
395
00:29:04,508 --> 00:29:07,068
The train was
right next to the goods deposit
396
00:29:07,228 --> 00:29:10,504
and I saw a young woman who had
a child in arms
397
00:29:10,668 --> 00:29:12,499
and asked for water.
398
00:29:15,228 --> 00:29:17,184
I filled a jug with water,
399
00:29:17,348 --> 00:29:21,307
and since he had the uniform on, they could see
which was from the railways,
400
00:29:21,468 --> 00:29:25,461
I went there and was going to give the jug of water
It's a woman through a window.
401
00:29:28,268 --> 00:29:31,817
I hadn't even reached the carriage,
was in the next line,
402
00:29:32,028 --> 00:29:35,543
when an SS man came to
with me asking what he was doing.
403
00:29:37,948 --> 00:29:41,224
Said he wanted to give water
She is a woman and a child.
404
00:29:43,828 --> 00:29:47,980
He replied:
"If you don't get out of here now, I'll kill you."
405
00:29:51,308 --> 00:29:54,186
I threw the jug of water
at the feet of the SS man
406
00:29:54,348 --> 00:29:56,987
and said: "May God punish him!"
407
00:30:00,948 --> 00:30:04,020
If we, as workers
of the railways,
408
00:30:04,188 --> 00:30:07,783
we did something against the SS
or against the field,
409
00:30:08,308 --> 00:30:10,822
then I tell you with certainty
410
00:30:10,988 --> 00:30:14,537
that, very soon,
We would also go to the countryside.
411
00:30:26,748 --> 00:30:30,218
I looked through the opening onto the street.
412
00:30:32,108 --> 00:30:35,942
Suddenly I saw strange people
with strange clothes.
413
00:30:36,588 --> 00:30:39,580
Their clothes
They looked like striped pajamas.
414
00:30:40,468 --> 00:30:42,982
They spoke
in many different languages.
415
00:30:43,148 --> 00:30:46,026
And they screamed.
They didn't speak, they shouted.
416
00:30:46,908 --> 00:30:49,980
Among other languages,
they also shouted in Polish.
417
00:30:51,148 --> 00:30:53,708
When I heard them speak Polish,
I was happy.
418
00:30:53,908 --> 00:30:57,298
I shouted through the opening of the carriage,
which was still closed:
419
00:30:57,668 --> 00:31:00,228
"Yes? Yes?" in Polish.
420
00:31:00,708 --> 00:31:05,543
"Yes? Look, I'm sorry...
What is this? What is it?"
421
00:31:06,868 --> 00:31:09,701
I remember that no one
none called me,
422
00:31:10,188 --> 00:31:12,656
because there were hundreds of thousands
of people there.
423
00:31:13,028 --> 00:31:16,464
But I noticed
that they were always laughing.
424
00:31:17,068 --> 00:31:20,697
Didn't know what they were,
what was that uniform,
425
00:31:20,868 --> 00:31:23,541
what their job was.
I didn't know anything.
426
00:31:25,108 --> 00:31:27,781
Strange people
with striped uniforms
427
00:31:27,948 --> 00:31:30,542
they were prisoners
from the baggage company.
428
00:31:32,188 --> 00:31:36,227
They eliminated evidence of transportation
previous one before the next one arrives.
429
00:31:36,748 --> 00:31:39,740
In Auschwitz and others
camps, Jewish prisoners
430
00:31:39,908 --> 00:31:42,581
they were forced to work
at every stage of the process.
431
00:31:44,988 --> 00:31:48,344
Rufolf Vrba was placed
at a baggage company.
432
00:31:49,108 --> 00:31:52,259
I was in the company
of the prisoners who cleaned...
433
00:31:52,908 --> 00:31:54,739
the crap,
434
00:31:55,388 --> 00:31:58,141
that remained after people
have been eliminated.
435
00:31:58,308 --> 00:32:01,345
And it had to be very clean,
because sometimes
436
00:32:01,508 --> 00:32:04,818
transport arrived
at intervals of one or two hours.
437
00:32:05,468 --> 00:32:07,424
The new transport
438
00:32:07,588 --> 00:32:11,137
always arrived
to a shining platform,
439
00:32:11,468 --> 00:32:14,858
without any proof
of previous transport.
440
00:32:15,068 --> 00:32:17,901
Transport
lasted for two years,
441
00:32:18,628 --> 00:32:20,061
to Auschwitz,
442
00:32:20,548 --> 00:32:23,665
sometimes five a day,
two a day,
443
00:32:24,188 --> 00:32:25,587
sometimes one a day,
444
00:32:25,988 --> 00:32:29,298
sometimes a day without transportation
and sometimes, 16 a day.
445
00:32:30,348 --> 00:32:33,306
On average, each transport
brought 3 thousand people.
446
00:32:37,228 --> 00:32:40,300
They opened the carriage.
They unlocked the door.
447
00:32:40,508 --> 00:32:43,898
When it opened, there was
a stream of fresh air.
448
00:32:44,108 --> 00:32:45,382
It felt good.
449
00:32:45,708 --> 00:32:48,347
We started removing the bodies.
450
00:32:49,868 --> 00:32:51,745
But suddenly we heard voices:
451
00:32:52,108 --> 00:32:54,338
"Jews, street, street!"
452
00:32:54,628 --> 00:32:56,300
"Hurry, hurry!"
453
00:32:56,508 --> 00:32:58,863
"Hurry, hurry! Street, street!"
454
00:32:59,348 --> 00:33:00,906
But I...
455
00:33:01,508 --> 00:33:05,137
For the first time, I was scared.
Do you know why?
456
00:33:05,428 --> 00:33:09,103
Because I saw flames
that reached the sky
457
00:33:10,428 --> 00:33:12,578
and a strange smell...
458
00:33:12,908 --> 00:33:16,218
A smell I remember
from my mother's house
459
00:33:16,428 --> 00:33:18,623
when he singed chickens
It's Friday.
460
00:33:28,788 --> 00:33:31,621
The SS knew how many transports
arrived daily.
461
00:33:31,908 --> 00:33:34,297
When there was only one transport,
462
00:33:34,868 --> 00:33:37,257
They knew they had a lot of time.
463
00:33:37,508 --> 00:33:40,864
It was more interesting to be there
than being in the shed.
464
00:33:42,348 --> 00:33:44,908
When they were on duty
and no one was free.
465
00:33:45,068 --> 00:33:48,663
Therefore, they could grace us
with a beautiful humor technique.
466
00:33:48,868 --> 00:33:51,940
"Ladies and gentlemen,
We apologize for the inconvenience,
467
00:33:52,108 --> 00:33:55,544
"that was caused by an idiot
who organized this trip.
468
00:33:55,708 --> 00:33:58,939
"It's not the first case.
We are very sorry.
469
00:33:59,268 --> 00:34:02,066
"Look at this crap.
How they treat people...
470
00:34:02,228 --> 00:34:06,141
"Please leave and don't
get involved with criminals.
471
00:34:06,388 --> 00:34:09,107
"They are only here
to carry your bags.
472
00:34:09,828 --> 00:34:14,822
"If they haven't identified your suitcase
and are afraid of losing her,
473
00:34:15,468 --> 00:34:17,186
"Take her with you.
474
00:34:17,348 --> 00:34:21,944
"But those with names
or labels,
475
00:34:22,148 --> 00:34:25,458
"Don't worry.
Let's pay attention
476
00:34:25,628 --> 00:34:28,267
"so that none
of criminals take them.
477
00:34:29,428 --> 00:34:31,544
"Our German honesty,
478
00:34:31,708 --> 00:34:34,381
"from which we hope
let them not doubt,
479
00:34:35,868 --> 00:34:39,827
"is a guarantee that your
goods will be delivered to you.
480
00:34:40,028 --> 00:34:44,897
"It's all part of the process.
They don't give us any problems,
481
00:34:45,308 --> 00:34:47,344
"so that
we can give you water,
482
00:34:49,108 --> 00:34:53,784
"and basic sanitary conditions
483
00:34:54,028 --> 00:34:56,383
after that horrendous trip."
484
00:34:56,548 --> 00:35:00,097
If we looked,
we look at excrement, urine,
485
00:35:00,268 --> 00:35:02,145
and blood in the wagon.
486
00:35:03,108 --> 00:35:06,020
They pretended
who didn't understand why,
487
00:35:06,188 --> 00:35:08,622
which was understandable.
488
00:35:09,508 --> 00:35:11,738
There was a lot of humor.
489
00:35:13,028 --> 00:35:14,347
"Please,
490
00:35:15,308 --> 00:35:16,536
leave."
491
00:35:22,708 --> 00:35:26,417
The gentle technique or the brutal technique
had just one goal.
492
00:35:27,428 --> 00:35:30,181
It didn't matter
whether he was kind or brutal,
493
00:35:30,348 --> 00:35:33,146
mattered that people
who arrived
494
00:35:33,948 --> 00:35:38,066
they had to get to the gas chamber
as soon as possible
495
00:35:39,588 --> 00:35:41,067
and without any obstacles.
496
00:35:54,588 --> 00:35:57,785
The next step
was to organize arrivals.
497
00:35:59,788 --> 00:36:01,938
They made two separate lines.
498
00:36:02,188 --> 00:36:05,146
Men and young people on one side
499
00:36:05,548 --> 00:36:07,778
and women and children on the other.
500
00:36:09,348 --> 00:36:12,579
The objective was to find out who would be
deleted immediately
501
00:36:12,748 --> 00:36:14,704
and who would be kept alive
to work.
502
00:36:14,908 --> 00:36:18,423
The selection was made by doctors
SS and nurses.
503
00:36:19,308 --> 00:36:20,582
The number of survivors
504
00:36:20,748 --> 00:36:24,138
it depended on the quantity needed
for work in the field.
505
00:36:24,748 --> 00:36:26,864
Doctors
they did a quick exam.
506
00:36:27,348 --> 00:36:29,987
Everyone who was healthy
enough to work
507
00:36:30,148 --> 00:36:33,458
they were sent to one side.
The rest went elsewhere.
508
00:36:33,788 --> 00:36:36,348
The travelers, still confused
with the horrible trip,
509
00:36:36,508 --> 00:36:38,942
they didn't understand what was happening.
510
00:36:39,428 --> 00:36:42,226
Anyway, they weren't
in a position to disagree.
511
00:36:42,388 --> 00:36:46,267
Any potential troublemaker
he was removed from the group and shot.
512
00:36:46,508 --> 00:36:48,738
While the majority were unaware
what was going on,
513
00:36:49,268 --> 00:36:52,146
some sensed
that something was very wrong.
514
00:36:52,788 --> 00:36:56,098
I was like a scared dog
in a house on fire.
515
00:36:56,268 --> 00:36:59,578
It was a very primal fear.
516
00:36:59,748 --> 00:37:02,785
I remember
that a man from Holland
517
00:37:03,628 --> 00:37:05,539
he said between his teeth:
518
00:37:06,068 --> 00:37:08,787
"No, nothing sick.
No sick people.”
519
00:37:18,028 --> 00:37:21,304
The sick, the elderly,
the lazy,
520
00:37:21,708 --> 00:37:24,347
pregnant women,
mothers and young children
521
00:37:24,508 --> 00:37:26,385
were sent to the left.
522
00:37:26,628 --> 00:37:28,619
They had been chosen
to the gas chamber.
523
00:37:46,748 --> 00:37:49,865
I saw two people coming towards me
I will tell you to speak Polish.
524
00:37:50,108 --> 00:37:51,746
I was very happy.
525
00:37:54,748 --> 00:37:56,386
As far as I remember,
526
00:37:56,548 --> 00:37:58,459
get out of my line,
527
00:37:58,748 --> 00:38:01,308
I went to one of them
and said to him in Polish:
528
00:38:01,468 --> 00:38:04,426
"Hello.
Tell me, what is this?
529
00:38:04,628 --> 00:38:06,141
Where did I end up?"
530
00:38:09,028 --> 00:38:11,622
He responded with a laugh.
531
00:38:14,228 --> 00:38:16,662
He patted me on the shoulder
and he said to me in Polish:
532
00:38:18,268 --> 00:38:20,020
"My son, my son,
533
00:38:20,188 --> 00:38:22,418
You are in charge of Heaven."
534
00:38:24,948 --> 00:38:27,257
That's what he said, in Polish.
535
00:38:28,228 --> 00:38:29,707
I didn't understand what it was.
536
00:38:30,588 --> 00:38:34,024
He told me, "Turn around.
I'll show you something."
537
00:38:34,308 --> 00:38:35,707
I turned around.
538
00:38:35,948 --> 00:38:39,258
He pointed into the distance,
where the smoke rose.
539
00:38:39,548 --> 00:38:41,982
Black smoke, far away.
540
00:38:42,188 --> 00:38:44,861
He said to me, "Do you see that smoke?
541
00:38:45,108 --> 00:38:49,101
There's a chimney there
and you're going to go out that chimney."
542
00:38:49,508 --> 00:38:53,217
That was it. I wasn't impressed
with what you told me,
543
00:38:53,388 --> 00:38:56,027
because I was sure
that I was enjoying.
544
00:38:56,188 --> 00:38:57,382
That was a joke.
545
00:39:01,748 --> 00:39:05,423
A truck took people
to wait at the door of the chamber.
546
00:39:06,388 --> 00:39:08,538
They told him that before
to enter the field,
547
00:39:08,708 --> 00:39:11,381
they had to be dewormed
and take a shower.
548
00:39:11,948 --> 00:39:15,179
Maybe they felt safe
when they see an ambulance nearby.
549
00:39:15,548 --> 00:39:18,620
They didn't know
which contained cans of Zyklon-B.
550
00:39:20,268 --> 00:39:22,224
SS Corporal Richard Beck
551
00:39:22,388 --> 00:39:24,424
was in the section
of transport in Auschwitz.
552
00:39:24,588 --> 00:39:26,818
Your friend Hoblinger
was one of the drivers
553
00:39:26,988 --> 00:39:29,821
from the ambulance carrying Zyklon-B.
554
00:39:30,708 --> 00:39:33,586
One night he caught Beck
to watch the action.
555
00:39:39,748 --> 00:39:43,536
He parked and I stayed inside,
pretending to be the co-pilot.
556
00:39:44,348 --> 00:39:47,226
Then, they took us by truck
to Bunker 1.
557
00:39:47,908 --> 00:39:49,864
There were four large corridors.
558
00:39:50,308 --> 00:39:53,505
They didn't have a real roof,
it was just a tilted thing.
559
00:39:58,868 --> 00:40:00,665
We got out of the ambulance.
560
00:40:00,828 --> 00:40:03,626
At first, the Hoblinger
I had nothing to do.
561
00:40:03,868 --> 00:40:05,620
Then we went to the hallways
562
00:40:05,788 --> 00:40:08,256
and the prisoners,
those who had just arrived,
563
00:40:08,428 --> 00:40:09,656
they had to undress.
564
00:40:10,308 --> 00:40:13,698
Then an order was heard:
"Prepare for disinfection."
565
00:40:14,348 --> 00:40:17,181
There were huge piles of clothes
566
00:40:17,348 --> 00:40:20,385
and there were people around
so that the batteries do not fall out.
567
00:40:20,988 --> 00:40:23,707
Those who had just arrived,
the Dutch,
568
00:40:23,868 --> 00:40:27,577
they had to climb the mountain
of clothes and undressing.
569
00:40:28,788 --> 00:40:31,666
Many hid
children under their clothes.
570
00:40:38,428 --> 00:40:42,944
Some kept their clothes on
legs, as it was very cold.
571
00:40:43,268 --> 00:40:44,781
It was the beginning of winter.
572
00:40:48,228 --> 00:40:52,540
Then they shouted: "Get ready"
e sa�ram todos.
573
00:40:53,348 --> 00:40:58,024
Then they had to run naked for 20 m
from the hallway to Bunker 1.
574
00:40:59,188 --> 00:41:01,941
No Bunker 1 ,
there were two open doors.
575
00:41:02,108 --> 00:41:05,737
When a certain person had already entered
number, they closed the doors.
576
00:41:06,148 --> 00:41:08,616
This happened three times.
577
00:41:11,428 --> 00:41:14,579
And each time, the Hoblinger
I had to go to the ambulance.
578
00:41:14,748 --> 00:41:18,946
One of the SS leaders went to get
a can and went up the stairs.
579
00:41:22,468 --> 00:41:26,780
No cimo, havia um buraco
and he opened an iron hatch
580
00:41:26,988 --> 00:41:30,981
and shook the can there.
Then he closed the door.
581
00:41:31,188 --> 00:41:33,941
Next,
we heard some horrible screams.
582
00:41:34,108 --> 00:41:38,226
I think after about ten minutes
Silence came.
583
00:41:38,668 --> 00:41:42,104
I asked Hoblinger, "Can we
get closer when they take them off?"
584
00:41:42,268 --> 00:41:44,099
Then we got closer.
585
00:41:44,268 --> 00:41:47,658
The company of prisoners
opened the door
586
00:41:47,828 --> 00:41:50,342
and blue smoke came out.
587
00:41:50,828 --> 00:41:53,786
I looked inside and saw a pyramid.
588
00:41:54,708 --> 00:41:57,586
They had all gone up
on top of each other
589
00:41:57,748 --> 00:42:01,946
and the last one was right at the top.
One on top of the other.
590
00:42:02,108 --> 00:42:05,544
It was a triangle shaped hill.
591
00:42:05,988 --> 00:42:08,866
Afterwards, the prisoners had
to enter and undo the pile.
592
00:42:09,028 --> 00:42:13,340
All tangled up.
One had his arm around the other's foot
593
00:42:13,508 --> 00:42:17,865
and his fingers
they were in someone's eyes.
594
00:42:18,028 --> 00:42:19,507
A lot inside.
595
00:42:19,668 --> 00:42:21,784
They were all so tangled up.
596
00:42:22,108 --> 00:42:25,703
They had to pull
with a lot of force to separate them.
597
00:42:27,948 --> 00:42:32,624
Then we went back to the hallway.
It was the last group's turn to undress.
598
00:42:32,988 --> 00:42:35,786
They were the ones who
they always managed to get away.
599
00:42:36,788 --> 00:42:40,542
A woman said it was cold,
or something like that.
600
00:42:41,268 --> 00:42:43,259
When I realized what I had said,
601
00:42:43,628 --> 00:42:46,017
I saw that she
I wasn't used to it.
602
00:42:47,348 --> 00:42:51,500
And I told myself that
I believed he wasn't there.
603
00:42:52,348 --> 00:42:55,977
A girl, with black hair
beautiful and very beautiful,
604
00:42:56,148 --> 00:42:59,060
was crouched
and didn't want to undress.
605
00:42:59,468 --> 00:43:01,823
An SS man came to her and said:
606
00:43:02,028 --> 00:43:04,144
"You shouldn't want to undress."
607
00:43:04,708 --> 00:43:07,506
She threw her hair back
and laughed.
608
00:43:08,348 --> 00:43:10,816
He walked away
and returned with two prisoners
609
00:43:10,988 --> 00:43:13,946
that literally tore him apart
the clothes.
610
00:43:14,508 --> 00:43:17,580
Each took an arm
and dragged her
611
00:43:17,788 --> 00:43:20,302
to Bunker 1
and threw her there.
612
00:43:22,228 --> 00:43:26,506
Afterwards, the prisoners had
to look for hidden children.
613
00:43:27,028 --> 00:43:29,940
They took them away,
opened the doors quickly,
614
00:43:30,188 --> 00:43:32,622
they threw the children there
and closed the door.
615
00:43:33,348 --> 00:43:35,304
I started to feel sick.
616
00:43:35,828 --> 00:43:39,537
I believe... He said:
"Karl, I've never seen anything like it."
617
00:43:39,708 --> 00:43:43,257
It was simply horrible.
When they threw the children
618
00:43:43,428 --> 00:43:47,421
and the people inside screamed,
because they understood what was happening.
619
00:43:47,588 --> 00:43:51,183
I asked Karl to leave,
I couldn't take it anymore.
620
00:43:51,748 --> 00:43:54,706
He said he also felt
like that, but it had to stay
621
00:43:54,868 --> 00:43:58,781
and collect the empty cans
and put them in the ambulance.
622
00:44:01,748 --> 00:44:06,538
Hoblinger said he didn't like it
none of this task at all.
623
00:44:06,868 --> 00:44:10,907
I'd rather be in the shopping section
transport to be under surveillance.
624
00:44:11,708 --> 00:44:15,178
But he said that in time,
we get used to everything.
625
00:44:16,508 --> 00:44:21,298
When they sent Richard Beck
participate in an action,
626
00:44:21,628 --> 00:44:26,622
refused immediately, despite
of being threatened with punishment.
627
00:44:26,828 --> 00:44:31,822
After the war he was cleared of
any crime by investigators.
628
00:44:32,028 --> 00:44:37,022
In fact, the Association of
former Auschwitz prisoners
629
00:44:37,268 --> 00:44:42,262
appointed him honorary member
of that organization.
630
00:44:48,988 --> 00:44:51,422
Who was going to work
before being deleted,
631
00:44:51,588 --> 00:44:54,182
was suspended
in an average of three months,
632
00:44:54,348 --> 00:44:56,418
normal survival time
in Auschwitz.
633
00:45:03,428 --> 00:45:07,137
They also had to undress
and deliver all goods.
634
00:45:07,628 --> 00:45:10,938
Afterwards, they were taken
for showers, the real ones.
635
00:45:11,588 --> 00:45:14,182
They were dewormed,
shaved their heads
636
00:45:14,348 --> 00:45:16,339
and they tattooed numbers on them
in your arms.
637
00:45:19,628 --> 00:45:21,983
They tattooed a number on my arm.
638
00:45:22,268 --> 00:45:24,782
It was no longer Schmuel
or Sammy Gogol,
639
00:45:25,028 --> 00:45:27,861
it was just a number: 81491.
640
00:45:28,628 --> 00:45:31,461
In the end, it was nothing more than a number.
641
00:45:34,348 --> 00:45:37,181
From that time on,
I became a number.
642
00:45:37,468 --> 00:45:39,936
He no longer had a name or surname.
643
00:45:40,188 --> 00:45:43,942
I became B-8095.
644
00:45:44,828 --> 00:45:46,261
That was my name.
645
00:45:46,428 --> 00:45:48,544
I was told that
if they called my number,
646
00:45:48,708 --> 00:45:49,902
It was because they called me.
647
00:45:50,108 --> 00:45:54,067
They marked us.
They put a mark on our arm.
648
00:45:56,188 --> 00:45:58,543
I remember thinking...
649
00:45:59,228 --> 00:46:04,097
I was trying to clean the blood
and I smudged the paint a little
650
00:46:04,748 --> 00:46:09,185
and therefore,
you can't see well.
651
00:46:14,868 --> 00:46:16,779
Men and women
were separated
652
00:46:16,948 --> 00:46:18,461
and each one had a uniform.
653
00:46:21,828 --> 00:46:24,023
Auschwitz had
three main fields
654
00:46:24,188 --> 00:46:26,179
and 30 work fields.
655
00:46:26,788 --> 00:46:30,064
Almost 100 thousand slaves
workers, Poles and Jews,
656
00:46:30,228 --> 00:46:31,741
they worked there until they died.
657
00:46:32,268 --> 00:46:34,463
300 trapped in a block
658
00:46:34,628 --> 00:46:37,620
they only ate a few grams
of hard bread and watery porridge.
659
00:46:37,828 --> 00:46:40,661
First, they had to learn to fight
for its own survival.
660
00:46:41,628 --> 00:46:44,347
For the first time,
I saw what hunger was.
661
00:46:44,508 --> 00:46:48,057
Because when they distributed the bread,
662
00:46:48,868 --> 00:46:52,338
the other prisoners,
who had been there longer,
663
00:46:53,428 --> 00:46:54,941
they looked like lions.
664
00:46:55,388 --> 00:46:57,060
It was an unestablished law.
665
00:46:57,228 --> 00:47:00,777
If you were caught
stealing bread from another prisoner
666
00:47:02,588 --> 00:47:05,022
he had the right to kill him
right at the time.
667
00:47:05,308 --> 00:47:08,300
Most of the time
I couldn't kill right away,
668
00:47:08,988 --> 00:47:11,297
but it was considered homicide.
669
00:47:12,028 --> 00:47:13,780
It really was a homicide.
670
00:47:14,428 --> 00:47:17,465
Because the bread that was distributed,
671
00:47:17,628 --> 00:47:20,096
it was a necessary minimum good
for survival.
672
00:47:20,268 --> 00:47:22,702
Who had no bread,
decrease a lot
673
00:47:22,868 --> 00:47:26,144
the chances of survival
until the next day.
674
00:47:27,148 --> 00:47:29,378
So there was...
675
00:47:30,508 --> 00:47:34,660
There was no court, or accusations,
things like that.
676
00:47:34,828 --> 00:47:36,580
The case was normally obvious.
677
00:47:36,748 --> 00:47:40,297
Typically, the case was
that a guy had in his hand...
678
00:47:41,788 --> 00:47:45,337
the coat and the other guy was pulling it.
679
00:47:46,988 --> 00:47:48,979
One of the guys shouted:
680
00:47:49,268 --> 00:47:52,817
"He's stealing my bread!"
And that was it.
681
00:47:53,868 --> 00:47:55,824
It's midnight,
682
00:47:56,268 --> 00:47:59,021
people jumped out of bed
683
00:47:59,628 --> 00:48:01,823
and suddenly there was a dead body.
684
00:48:05,228 --> 00:48:09,221
The worst moments were when
one of the privileged boasted
685
00:48:09,388 --> 00:48:12,664
and said he could break his head
to a man with a blow.
686
00:48:13,388 --> 00:48:15,140
It was a horrible moment.
687
00:48:15,708 --> 00:48:19,018
A second of silence
and then you heard the order.
688
00:48:19,828 --> 00:48:22,058
"Put your head out
of the dormitories."
689
00:48:22,268 --> 00:48:25,977
And then we thought: "I wonder if
Are you going to hit me in the head?"
690
00:48:27,228 --> 00:48:29,617
A few moments later, in the wood,
691
00:48:29,828 --> 00:48:32,581
we saw blood and pieces of brains.
692
00:48:34,788 --> 00:48:38,064
And then,
we hunted in a deep sleep.
693
00:48:39,308 --> 00:48:40,866
Because after all, we,
694
00:48:41,708 --> 00:48:43,300
we could sleep.
695
00:48:49,108 --> 00:48:52,498
The prisoners slept four
and more per bunk,
696
00:48:52,788 --> 00:48:55,825
in barracks
that were built for horses.
697
00:48:56,308 --> 00:48:58,424
They mattered less
than animals,
698
00:48:58,588 --> 00:49:01,341
the bodies were to be used
as entertainment for the guards
699
00:49:01,508 --> 00:49:04,386
or as material
for the benefit of the State.
700
00:49:07,228 --> 00:49:10,425
Some were even used
like laboratory rats.
701
00:49:12,948 --> 00:49:15,257
To test the effects
of flights at high altitudes,
702
00:49:15,428 --> 00:49:17,066
they were going to a simulator.
703
00:49:17,228 --> 00:49:20,698
They did not have oxygen and passed
by extremes of decompression.
704
00:49:24,708 --> 00:49:26,903
Himmler boasted
that your doctors
705
00:49:27,068 --> 00:49:30,140
they no longer let themselves be inhibited
by Christian prejudices.
706
00:49:30,468 --> 00:49:33,858
To find out what it would be like
the survival of pilots at sea,
707
00:49:34,028 --> 00:49:36,258
prisoners emerged
in ice water
708
00:49:36,428 --> 00:49:38,419
until they cannot be revived.
709
00:49:38,788 --> 00:49:42,667
Gypsies were used to see
the effect of ingesting sea water.
710
00:49:44,988 --> 00:49:48,219
Jews were used to test
sterilization techniques,
711
00:49:48,388 --> 00:49:51,937
necessary for the Nazis
rid the population of these races.
712
00:49:52,988 --> 00:49:56,025
At the same time,
experimented with twins.
713
00:49:56,748 --> 00:50:00,377
Himmler hoped that by increasing
the birth of German twins
714
00:50:00,548 --> 00:50:03,506
it was a way to compensate
casualties of the Aryan race
715
00:50:03,668 --> 00:50:04,862
caused by war.
716
00:50:05,468 --> 00:50:07,936
Doctors also analyzed
the skull and brain
717
00:50:08,108 --> 00:50:09,666
of Jews, Gypsies and Slavs
718
00:50:09,828 --> 00:50:13,218
to try to find something physical
that supported the race theory.
719
00:50:14,268 --> 00:50:17,146
What was left after the
people have been eliminated,
720
00:50:17,308 --> 00:50:19,105
wasn't wasted.
721
00:50:19,268 --> 00:50:22,465
The bones could be crushed
and serve as fertilizer.
722
00:50:22,668 --> 00:50:25,660
Artificial limbs and glasses
were recycled.
723
00:50:27,148 --> 00:50:30,663
Gold teeth were melted
and the used hair was kept
724
00:50:31,228 --> 00:50:32,786
and used in protective clothing.
725
00:50:35,308 --> 00:50:39,017
In the morning and at night, the prisoners
they stood for hours
726
00:50:39,188 --> 00:50:41,497
for the SS to see
if they were all there.
727
00:50:42,148 --> 00:50:45,504
During the day, they worked
in factories or in construction.
728
00:50:45,708 --> 00:50:48,097
Auschwitz
was continually increased.
729
00:50:48,548 --> 00:50:52,382
They build weapons factories
and one made of synthetic rubber.
730
00:50:53,068 --> 00:50:55,946
Their work was not done
for productivity,
731
00:50:56,428 --> 00:50:59,226
but to increase
the suffering of prisoners.
732
00:50:59,428 --> 00:51:02,261
They made us work twice as hard
with the help of whips.
733
00:51:03,228 --> 00:51:04,980
In heavy work groups,
734
00:51:05,148 --> 00:51:07,503
prisoners died
after a few days
735
00:51:07,748 --> 00:51:09,943
tired and beaten.
736
00:51:12,068 --> 00:51:14,502
The field should be independent.
737
00:51:14,708 --> 00:51:18,621
At some point, 8 thousand prisoners
took care of maintenance.
738
00:51:19,108 --> 00:51:20,905
To survive
for a long time,
739
00:51:21,068 --> 00:51:23,628
the prisoner had to arrange
a good job without being on the street,
740
00:51:23,788 --> 00:51:27,701
in workshops, offices,
or rather, in the kitchen.
741
00:51:28,228 --> 00:51:30,378
For this, more was needed
than luck.
742
00:51:30,548 --> 00:51:32,379
A useful craft was needed
743
00:51:32,548 --> 00:51:36,746
or influence near prisoners
to distribute the tasks.
744
00:51:37,548 --> 00:51:41,905
The underground lifestyle of the
prisoner grew based on exchanges.
745
00:51:45,108 --> 00:51:49,226
I saw a harmonica in my hands
from another prisoner. I asked for it.
746
00:51:49,508 --> 00:51:52,705
He didn't want to give it to me.
He didn't know how to play,
747
00:51:53,228 --> 00:51:56,345
therefore,
decided to make a deal with me.
748
00:51:57,068 --> 00:52:01,425
The currency of exchange was bread.
He wanted three weeks' ration.
749
00:52:01,748 --> 00:52:05,707
and I proposed two weeks of ration
and he gave me the harmonica.
750
00:52:06,148 --> 00:52:07,900
Apart from normal work,
751
00:52:08,068 --> 00:52:11,265
organized an orchestra
and I went there.
752
00:52:13,668 --> 00:52:17,377
They had to ring the call
and in public hangings.
753
00:52:17,788 --> 00:52:22,145
Sometimes, on Sundays, they would give
concerts of German classics.
754
00:52:22,308 --> 00:52:26,460
By miracle, they were able to play
their music is hidden
755
00:52:26,628 --> 00:52:29,222
in ceremonies and even singing.
756
00:52:32,428 --> 00:52:35,226
In the field,
We sang lots of songs.
757
00:52:35,868 --> 00:52:39,144
It was interesting.
Dutch, Greek,
758
00:52:39,348 --> 00:52:42,784
Hungarian, Czech, Dishe...
759
00:52:46,588 --> 00:52:50,979
Of course the sad song that
everyone liked it, not just the Jews,
760
00:52:51,628 --> 00:52:54,222
because we all suffered together,
761
00:52:54,988 --> 00:52:57,297
it was "My Yiddish Mama."
762
00:53:55,548 --> 00:53:58,665
Those who could no longer stand it,
committed suicide
763
00:53:58,828 --> 00:54:01,979
when running against
It is electrified sealing.
764
00:54:03,108 --> 00:54:05,303
Others went to the employees
765
00:54:05,468 --> 00:54:08,778
and asked to be part of the list
from the gas chamber.
766
00:54:09,588 --> 00:54:14,423
The SS removed weak people
or too many patients to work with.
767
00:54:19,988 --> 00:54:23,742
Wandra Marossanyi worked
in the labor camp office.
768
00:54:23,908 --> 00:54:26,820
Shared the dormitory with others
employees making the call.
769
00:54:26,988 --> 00:54:29,627
They had the mission to copy
the names of the prisoners
770
00:54:29,788 --> 00:54:32,018
chosen by the SS
to the gas chamber.
771
00:54:39,908 --> 00:54:43,105
The selection was made
by the field team
772
00:54:43,308 --> 00:54:46,664
and by the employee who carried out the
called, a Slovak woman.
773
00:54:46,828 --> 00:54:48,420
She took care of the numbers
774
00:54:48,588 --> 00:54:50,783
and at night,
she lived in our shed,
775
00:54:50,948 --> 00:54:52,939
there were queues of people to see her.
776
00:54:53,108 --> 00:54:56,418
"Save my mother,
sister, cousin, friend..."
777
00:54:56,628 --> 00:54:58,858
And she tried in a human way,
778
00:54:59,028 --> 00:55:01,986
according to age and ability
to survive in the field,
779
00:55:02,148 --> 00:55:03,581
to change the names.
780
00:55:03,748 --> 00:55:05,579
But it was a difficult decision,
781
00:55:05,748 --> 00:55:09,138
choose a person to
the gas chamber and save another.
782
00:55:09,748 --> 00:55:12,387
At that time,
and following only instinct,
783
00:55:12,548 --> 00:55:14,379
It might seem cruel,
784
00:55:14,548 --> 00:55:17,426
we saved
those who could survive
785
00:55:17,588 --> 00:55:21,342
and not emotionally,
for being a mother's daughter.
786
00:55:22,188 --> 00:55:25,737
I remember a case of a
elderly prisoner in barrack 25
787
00:55:25,908 --> 00:55:29,662
having helped his mother to go up to
the truck to the gas chamber,
788
00:55:29,828 --> 00:55:31,659
because he had no chance of saving her.
789
00:55:37,268 --> 00:55:41,307
Moshe Sonnenshein was the son
of the rabbi who was educated...
790
00:55:44,468 --> 00:55:46,186
in religious belief.
791
00:55:46,348 --> 00:55:48,908
It was a belief that said
that things were happening in the world
792
00:55:49,068 --> 00:55:51,628
beyond his understanding
and the will of God.
793
00:55:51,828 --> 00:55:56,424
I remember we watched 10 thousand pass
naked women on a freezing morning
794
00:55:56,628 --> 00:56:00,143
that had already been chosen
and they were going to the trucks.
795
00:56:00,308 --> 00:56:02,617
They knew they were prisoners
796
00:56:02,788 --> 00:56:05,256
and they were on their way
from the gas chamber.
797
00:56:05,428 --> 00:56:08,818
They were silent
and people were used to
798
00:56:08,988 --> 00:56:12,981
to live with knowledge
that death will come,
799
00:56:13,148 --> 00:56:15,184
but when they started the truck,
800
00:56:16,028 --> 00:56:19,145
the noise created panic
among women
801
00:56:19,308 --> 00:56:23,540
and we heard a horrible noise
of trucks,
802
00:56:23,908 --> 00:56:28,663
the death cry of thousands of
young people are already reduced to skin and bones.
803
00:56:30,268 --> 00:56:32,941
They were futile attempts,
804
00:56:33,108 --> 00:56:37,579
because they knew they weren't going to make it
jump out of trucks
805
00:56:37,748 --> 00:56:39,466
who took them
for gas cameras
806
00:56:39,628 --> 00:56:44,144
that were less than 1.5 km away
and that they were already working and...
807
00:56:51,148 --> 00:56:53,457
the smoke that came out of the chimneys.
808
00:56:53,868 --> 00:56:55,620
Everything was prepared.
809
00:56:55,788 --> 00:56:59,144
It was at this time that he
He spoke to his God.
810
00:56:59,588 --> 00:57:02,660
"God has shown you your power.
811
00:57:03,148 --> 00:57:05,059
This is against Him."
812
00:57:10,468 --> 00:57:11,901
And nothing happened.
813
00:57:12,468 --> 00:57:14,857
And then he said:
"God does not exist."
814
00:57:17,508 --> 00:57:20,784
The vast majority of people
sent to the crematorium
815
00:57:20,948 --> 00:57:22,620
they were newcomers.
816
00:57:26,908 --> 00:57:29,422
Tired after that trip,
817
00:57:29,588 --> 00:57:33,786
they could not interrupt the process
If they knew what was coming?
818
00:57:35,908 --> 00:57:39,025
We wondered if we should tell them
where they were going.
819
00:57:39,228 --> 00:57:41,947
The Slovak thought about that.
820
00:57:42,228 --> 00:57:44,662
If they should revolt...
821
00:57:44,828 --> 00:57:48,741
After much conversation,
we concluded that it would not help,
822
00:57:48,908 --> 00:57:52,139
because they were not in good condition
to fight against destiny.
823
00:57:52,348 --> 00:57:56,023
They had to go where they were going
and it was better if they didn't know.
824
00:57:57,068 --> 00:58:01,459
If someone said to them:
"You go to the gas chamber."...
825
00:58:01,988 --> 00:58:06,982
A mother's idea
being informed by a criminal,
826
00:58:08,108 --> 00:58:12,101
after a horrible trip,
that the children will die,
827
00:58:12,548 --> 00:58:15,540
it was a scandalous idea
in her opinion.
828
00:58:15,748 --> 00:58:19,980
Because after everything you've suffered,
a criminal appears
829
00:58:20,148 --> 00:58:22,025
who wants to increase her suffering.
830
00:58:22,188 --> 00:58:26,261
She felt tempted to go and talk
with the closest employee,
831
00:58:26,468 --> 00:58:29,187
and say what that man said
832
00:58:29,348 --> 00:58:32,738
that her children
they were going to the gas chamber.
833
00:58:32,908 --> 00:58:35,980
He would respond, "Ma'am,
takes us for barbarians?"
834
00:58:47,708 --> 00:58:50,586
We always asked:
"Where is the rest of the world?
835
00:58:50,748 --> 00:58:53,820
"Where is the United States?
Where is Russia?
836
00:58:53,988 --> 00:58:56,946
"Where are the other countries
who could help us?
837
00:58:57,268 --> 00:59:00,863
They know what's going on
in the extermination camps?"
838
00:59:03,108 --> 00:59:05,224
People knew
what was happening.
839
00:59:05,988 --> 00:59:09,617
An industrial complex
with more than one hundred thousand people
840
00:59:09,788 --> 00:59:14,179
built on the outskirts of a
city couldn't be a secret.
841
00:59:15,148 --> 00:59:17,821
In humid weather, the smell
of burnt human flesh
842
00:59:18,028 --> 00:59:20,496
it was a cloud
which extended across the entire area.
843
00:59:21,028 --> 00:59:23,496
Passengers on trains
who passed through the city,
844
00:59:23,668 --> 00:59:26,660
they huddled together to see
the bright lights and tall chimneys.
845
00:59:27,228 --> 00:59:29,458
Rumors were heard
throughout Germany.
846
00:59:30,068 --> 00:59:34,141
But what could a normal citizen
do, even if you were worried?
847
00:59:34,308 --> 00:59:37,220
Some braver
they gave shelter to Jews.
848
00:59:37,388 --> 00:59:39,663
But neither do they
managed to defeat the system.
849
00:59:39,828 --> 00:59:41,625
Anyway,
were at war.
850
00:59:41,828 --> 00:59:44,661
People had more problems
beyond the Jews.
851
00:59:46,148 --> 00:59:49,026
And the Allies
who fought Nazi tyranny?
852
00:59:49,708 --> 00:59:52,268
Lord Avon,
at the time, Anthony Eden,
853
00:59:52,428 --> 00:59:54,817
he was Minister of Business
Churchill's Foreigners.
854
00:59:56,788 --> 00:59:58,744
Of course there were...
855
00:59:59,908 --> 01:00:02,786
plenty of evidence
of persecution of the Jews
856
01:00:03,428 --> 01:00:07,341
before the start of the war
in Hitler's Germany.
857
01:00:07,668 --> 01:00:09,784
As the war progressed,
858
01:00:10,268 --> 01:00:13,817
we received horrendous reports.
859
01:00:15,548 --> 01:00:19,257
At first, of course it was
very difficult to evaluate...
860
01:00:19,748 --> 01:00:21,739
the veracity of the reports
861
01:00:21,908 --> 01:00:25,787
and they were so horrible that it was difficult
believe they were true.
862
01:00:26,748 --> 01:00:29,342
However, in 1942,
863
01:00:30,068 --> 01:00:34,300
in the second half of 1942,
the evidence was so many
864
01:00:34,468 --> 01:00:37,585
that we had to believe.
865
01:00:38,388 --> 01:00:41,937
As a consequence,
we contact other governments,
866
01:00:42,108 --> 01:00:44,224
mainly from the United States
867
01:00:44,828 --> 01:00:46,227
and the Russian
868
01:00:46,788 --> 01:00:49,427
to share
the information we had
869
01:00:49,588 --> 01:00:51,897
and to talk about what we were going to do.
870
01:00:52,348 --> 01:00:55,181
We decided
that one of the things to do
871
01:00:55,348 --> 01:00:57,782
was to make a joint statement
872
01:00:58,908 --> 01:01:00,944
in each of our capitals
873
01:01:01,228 --> 01:01:05,187
at the same time,
to disclose our information
874
01:01:05,348 --> 01:01:08,067
and the horror that was being committed.
875
01:01:08,508 --> 01:01:11,898
And of course, to make it clear
our repulsion
876
01:01:12,668 --> 01:01:15,341
and our determination
that those responsible
877
01:01:15,588 --> 01:01:18,341
should be punished
at the end of the war.
878
01:01:19,588 --> 01:01:23,547
We agree to do this
after some negotiations.
879
01:01:24,908 --> 01:01:26,819
At the end of 1942,
880
01:01:27,148 --> 01:01:29,662
I made this statement
in the House of Commons
881
01:01:31,668 --> 01:01:33,624
with a dramatic effect
882
01:01:33,908 --> 01:01:36,422
that exceeded
all my expectations.
883
01:01:37,548 --> 01:01:42,144
HOMICIDE OF JEWS:
DEPUTY SHAKES ASSEMBLY
884
01:01:43,468 --> 01:01:46,619
But the people in the fields
of extermination needed action
885
01:01:46,788 --> 01:01:48,938
now,
before it was too late.
886
01:01:49,628 --> 01:01:53,416
The Resistance in Auschwitz did not
could wait for the end of the war.
887
01:01:54,148 --> 01:01:58,027
They sent a letter asking for a
machine with film for the field.
888
01:01:58,748 --> 01:02:01,182
If the Allies saw
horror in all its fullness,
889
01:02:01,348 --> 01:02:02,781
they had to act.
890
01:02:03,428 --> 01:02:06,420
In the extermination camps
from Sobibor and Treblinka
891
01:02:06,828 --> 01:02:09,467
Resistance groups
organized revolts,
892
01:02:09,628 --> 01:02:12,222
but most prisoners
was killed before escaping.
893
01:02:12,588 --> 01:02:14,897
The Auschwitz group
decided to wait
894
01:02:15,068 --> 01:02:17,980
keeping the largest number
of people living in the countryside
895
01:02:18,148 --> 01:02:20,104
until the Allies
can help them escape.
896
01:02:22,148 --> 01:02:25,345
From a door, a prisoner
in the maintenance of buildings,
897
01:02:25,508 --> 01:02:28,420
managed to take photos of a
company burning dead bodies
898
01:02:28,588 --> 01:02:32,058
in a mass grave in the woods
near a gas chamber.
899
01:02:33,068 --> 01:02:37,380
He tried to take photos using the buttons with
the machine under the coat
900
01:02:37,548 --> 01:02:39,857
of women entering
in the gas chamber.
901
01:02:40,108 --> 01:02:42,144
The photos were just sky and trees,
902
01:02:42,308 --> 01:02:44,424
but processing a corner,
903
01:02:44,588 --> 01:02:46,658
showed naked women
walking towards,
904
01:02:46,828 --> 01:02:49,183
to what they still thought they were
a shower.
905
01:02:49,828 --> 01:02:52,467
Resistance groups
made several appeals
906
01:02:52,628 --> 01:02:55,938
for railway raids,
gas fields and cameras.
907
01:02:56,468 --> 01:02:59,505
One of the difficulties
in Auschwitz,
908
01:02:59,668 --> 01:03:02,546
It was the long distance for us,
909
01:03:02,748 --> 01:03:05,467
and until the final stages of the war.
910
01:03:05,988 --> 01:03:07,865
I'd say they were out of reach,
911
01:03:08,028 --> 01:03:10,747
mainly for a
precise bombing.
912
01:03:11,148 --> 01:03:14,663
I think there are Jewish organizations
who still think
913
01:03:14,828 --> 01:03:17,581
It would be nice if we had
bombed Auschwitz.
914
01:03:18,148 --> 01:03:21,106
I don't see how that
could have helped someone
915
01:03:21,268 --> 01:03:22,986
and even if we would be able to.
916
01:03:24,508 --> 01:03:27,580
It was not possible
bomb with precision
917
01:03:28,108 --> 01:03:31,339
and this would have caused
many deaths in Auschwitz.
918
01:03:32,388 --> 01:03:36,176
And of course, it was in enemy territory,
on German territory,
919
01:03:36,348 --> 01:03:39,818
and if with the bombing
we cut off communications,
920
01:03:41,428 --> 01:03:45,341
and some people left,
even though others die,
921
01:03:46,068 --> 01:03:49,265
they would be in a hostile country.
Where would they go
922
01:03:49,428 --> 01:03:51,544
and could they escape?
923
01:03:51,988 --> 01:03:53,501
I don't think so.
924
01:03:53,988 --> 01:03:55,626
Anyway,
925
01:03:56,388 --> 01:03:59,824
we decided not to do that,
and from what I remember,
926
01:04:00,028 --> 01:04:03,259
We didn't even ask "Bomber"
Harris to think about the project.
927
01:04:16,628 --> 01:04:20,507
When factories were discovered
of weapons near Auschwitz,
928
01:04:20,708 --> 01:04:22,346
a raid has been mounted.
929
01:04:22,948 --> 01:04:24,779
It wasn't very successful.
930
01:04:25,068 --> 01:04:27,866
The railways
were not hit.
931
01:04:28,748 --> 01:04:32,218
You can only think
one thing we could do:
932
01:04:32,388 --> 01:04:33,867
win the war
933
01:04:34,028 --> 01:04:36,826
and not disperse the war effort
more than necessary,
934
01:04:36,988 --> 01:04:38,387
because only by winning the war
935
01:04:38,548 --> 01:04:42,666
we could save
some unhappy Jews
936
01:04:43,308 --> 01:04:46,425
of horrible and unforgivable treatment
to which they were subjected.
937
01:04:47,508 --> 01:04:49,624
What about the leaders of the Jews?
938
01:04:50,228 --> 01:04:53,459
The Jewish Councils that
Did they choose who went on the trains?
939
01:04:54,548 --> 01:04:56,027
Some resisted.
940
01:04:56,428 --> 01:04:58,180
Some committed suicide.
941
01:04:58,748 --> 01:05:00,898
Some continued to collaborate.
942
01:05:03,308 --> 01:05:06,664
Sigmund Weltlinger worked
at the Berlin Jewish Council
943
01:05:06,828 --> 01:05:10,184
until the last large agglomeration
in 1943.
944
01:05:10,388 --> 01:05:11,946
So he ran away.
945
01:05:14,828 --> 01:05:18,423
If they didn't, the Gestapo
I would look for people on the street
946
01:05:18,588 --> 01:05:21,546
and their houses are like mousetraps
and sent them away.
947
01:05:21,988 --> 01:05:23,899
Things wouldn't be
so organized.
948
01:05:24,068 --> 01:05:26,821
In this way, they were informed
a few days in advance.
949
01:05:26,988 --> 01:05:30,663
They could take care of business,
take the minimum necessary,
950
01:05:30,828 --> 01:05:32,819
and as far as possible
951
01:05:32,988 --> 01:05:35,138
they could flee or go underground.
952
01:05:37,028 --> 01:05:38,859
We never stop negotiating.
953
01:05:39,468 --> 01:05:43,017
But they weren't negotiations.
We accept orders.
954
01:05:44,028 --> 01:05:47,225
They told us:
"500 for the next transport."
955
01:05:47,828 --> 01:05:50,900
Then, we could choose
500 people from our lists.
956
01:05:51,388 --> 01:05:54,619
In the beginning, we received a lot of postcards,
which were censored, of course.
957
01:05:55,148 --> 01:05:57,867
They had to write:
"It's okay.
958
01:05:58,148 --> 01:06:00,662
We have work
and the place is pleasant."
959
01:06:01,708 --> 01:06:03,346
Some of us believed that.
960
01:06:07,188 --> 01:06:09,418
The Nazis used
all kinds of tricks
961
01:06:09,588 --> 01:06:13,024
to reinforce the story
of "Relocation to the East".
962
01:06:13,268 --> 01:06:18,581
In 1944, they made the film "Hitler
He gave the Jews a city."
963
01:06:19,468 --> 01:06:22,665
Its aim was to silence the
rumors about extermination camps
964
01:06:23,068 --> 01:06:25,866
and satisfy curiosity
of institutions
965
01:06:26,028 --> 01:06:27,541
how
the International Red Cross.
966
01:07:03,908 --> 01:07:05,819
When the film was released,
967
01:07:05,988 --> 01:07:10,300
most participants died
in the gas chambers of Auschwitz.
968
01:07:12,228 --> 01:07:15,425
But this simulated life
in Theresienstadt,
969
01:07:15,588 --> 01:07:17,943
the camp for privileged Jews,
970
01:07:18,308 --> 01:07:21,300
those who fought for Germany
in the First World War,
971
01:07:21,508 --> 01:07:25,865
people of influence, elderly
and members of the Jewish Council.
972
01:07:33,188 --> 01:07:35,065
Since people
at the Jewish Council
973
01:07:35,228 --> 01:07:37,822
they thought that life in the fields
it was like that,
974
01:07:37,988 --> 01:07:40,661
would encourage people
entering transport
975
01:07:40,828 --> 01:07:42,181
without causing confusion.
976
01:07:45,668 --> 01:07:48,307
We said:
"It's not good here either.
977
01:07:48,948 --> 01:07:51,143
"Here things happen to you
lots of things.
978
01:07:51,948 --> 01:07:56,624
"It is certain that life will not be easy,
but they can work and eat.
979
01:07:57,548 --> 01:08:00,540
They are beautiful territories,
especially Theresienstadt."
980
01:08:01,908 --> 01:08:05,059
To the elderly who were sent
to Theresienstadt,
981
01:08:05,428 --> 01:08:09,626
said: "It was a first class spa
class, it has beautiful landscapes."
982
01:08:10,868 --> 01:08:12,586
A lady told me:
983
01:08:13,148 --> 01:08:15,139
"For all the money I'm giving,
984
01:08:15,308 --> 01:08:17,378
get me a room
with central heating?"
985
01:08:17,908 --> 01:08:22,265
I replied that there was heating
central everywhere.
986
01:08:26,548 --> 01:08:29,016
Who justifies their own inaction,
987
01:08:29,508 --> 01:08:33,023
says that the Jews who went
docilely for gas cameras
988
01:08:33,188 --> 01:08:34,906
they killed themselves.
989
01:08:35,868 --> 01:08:37,460
But what could they do?
990
01:08:37,708 --> 01:08:40,063
No friends
in occupied Nazi Europe,
991
01:08:40,308 --> 01:08:42,822
got on the train
with hope.
992
01:08:43,068 --> 01:08:45,628
In Auschwitz, it was too late.
993
01:08:46,188 --> 01:08:49,783
To resist, they had to be
armed and organized.
994
01:08:50,228 --> 01:08:54,187
If they were going to fight, it would have to be before
of the trip, in favorable territory.
995
01:08:57,228 --> 01:08:59,696
The act of Jewish resistance
most amazing
996
01:08:59,868 --> 01:09:01,540
took place in the Warsaw ghetto.
997
01:09:02,428 --> 01:09:06,660
In 1943, when they tried
deport 60 thousand people
998
01:09:06,828 --> 01:09:09,626
that were still there,
the ghetto resisted.
999
01:09:10,028 --> 01:09:12,496
They had heard
the extermination stories
1000
01:09:12,868 --> 01:09:14,347
and they believed in them.
1001
01:09:14,988 --> 01:09:18,424
Major Stropp of the SS,
ordered them to take photos
1002
01:09:18,588 --> 01:09:21,660
while they drained
the Jews, building by building.
1003
01:09:26,628 --> 01:09:30,177
Armed with only a few
homemade pistols and grenades,
1004
01:09:30,308 --> 01:09:32,868
they stood up to the Germans
for five weeks.
1005
01:09:38,908 --> 01:09:42,617
As they leave, Stropp
finished the report to Himmler.
1006
01:09:42,828 --> 01:09:46,821
"We managed to capture
56065 Jews
1007
01:09:47,348 --> 01:09:49,578
whose elimination can be proven. "
1008
01:09:51,028 --> 01:09:55,226
The National Resistance Committee
Judaica in Poland said:
1009
01:09:55,668 --> 01:09:57,898
"In the final moment
before they are destroyed,
1010
01:09:58,068 --> 01:10:00,377
"the last survivors
of Jews in Poland,
1011
01:10:00,548 --> 01:10:02,618
"they begged for help
to the whole world.
1012
01:10:03,028 --> 01:10:04,780
"They were not heard.
1013
01:10:05,068 --> 01:10:07,298
"That is the last voice from the Beyond
1014
01:10:07,468 --> 01:10:09,936
reach the ears
of all Humanity. "
1015
01:10:10,508 --> 01:10:14,421
In 1944, the largest and only group
of Jews not attacked
1016
01:10:14,588 --> 01:10:16,465
there were 7 thousand in Hungary.
1017
01:10:17,068 --> 01:10:19,059
Hitler had complained
more than once
1018
01:10:19,228 --> 01:10:21,344
that nothing had been done
to liquidate them.
1019
01:10:21,548 --> 01:10:24,346
When German troops
invaded the country in March,
1020
01:10:24,508 --> 01:10:27,784
despite the Nazi war machine
be at your limit
1021
01:10:27,948 --> 01:10:30,098
and Germany
in danger of losing the war,
1022
01:10:30,268 --> 01:10:33,499
plans to remove Jews
of Hungary were priorities.
1023
01:10:33,868 --> 01:10:37,941
At this point, everyone knew
What was "replacement?"
1024
01:10:38,908 --> 01:10:42,025
Crowds of Jews beg
to the Swiss legation in Budapest,
1025
01:10:42,308 --> 01:10:45,380
in the last hope
of being able to leave the country.
1026
01:10:45,908 --> 01:10:49,423
Jewish leaders negotiated
with the SS drawing,
1027
01:10:49,628 --> 01:10:52,586
in the hope that the armies
Russians saved them.
1028
01:10:53,108 --> 01:10:55,463
At the same time,
and to please the Germans,
1029
01:10:55,588 --> 01:11:00,218
instruct people
to perform on trains.
1030
01:11:02,988 --> 01:11:05,263
Once again, they were ignored
requests to the Allies
1031
01:11:05,428 --> 01:11:07,384
to bomb
the railways.
1032
01:11:07,668 --> 01:11:11,581
Train after train
arrived calmly at Auschwitz.
1033
01:11:12,228 --> 01:11:15,698
Losing the war, the Nazis
They knew they had to hurry.
1034
01:11:16,148 --> 01:11:20,346
Auschwitz was prepared
to welcome Hungarian Jews.
1035
01:11:25,108 --> 01:11:27,668
The railway
had been extended to the countryside
1036
01:11:27,828 --> 01:11:29,784
and it almost reached the crematorium.
1037
01:11:30,388 --> 01:11:31,662
Vacs were dug
1038
01:11:31,828 --> 01:11:34,023
to burn the bodies
that did not fit in the furnaces.
1039
01:11:38,228 --> 01:11:40,947
Dov Paisokowic,
son of a Jewish butcher,
1040
01:11:41,468 --> 01:11:44,460
was in one of the transports
Hungarians in 1944.
1041
01:11:46,748 --> 01:11:48,818
We arrived at the Auschwitz camp
in the morning.
1042
01:11:49,348 --> 01:11:51,179
I don't remember the day.
1043
01:11:52,508 --> 01:11:55,864
They chose 250 of the strongest
among the thousand who were there,
1044
01:11:56,468 --> 01:11:58,459
those who had the strength to work.
1045
01:11:59,668 --> 01:12:01,420
250 men were chosen.
1046
01:12:02,868 --> 01:12:05,428
Among the 250, there were my father and I.
1047
01:12:11,588 --> 01:12:15,058
They gave us several tools
and took them out of the field.
1048
01:12:16,428 --> 01:12:18,544
The field had
an electrified seal.
1049
01:12:23,588 --> 01:12:27,058
Outside the field were SS
with dogs and machine guns.
1050
01:12:32,108 --> 01:12:34,224
They took them to Crematorium 3 and 4.
1051
01:12:35,228 --> 01:12:37,139
150 stayed there.
1052
01:12:38,428 --> 01:12:40,737
At the time, I didn't know
which was a crematorium.
1053
01:12:41,028 --> 01:12:44,100
It was in the middle of the forest,
nothing could be seen.
1054
01:12:44,988 --> 01:12:47,821
We didn't even know
that those things existed.
1055
01:12:53,428 --> 01:12:56,500
A few minutes later, he arrived
the Hauptschuf�hrer Hamol.
1056
01:12:57,228 --> 01:12:59,184
He was the head of the crematoriums.
1057
01:13:02,868 --> 01:13:04,540
He welcomed us very well.
1058
01:13:05,348 --> 01:13:09,261
He said there was enough food there,
but we had to work.
1059
01:13:14,508 --> 01:13:16,976
Suddenly the door opened
from the gas chamber.
1060
01:13:17,628 --> 01:13:20,096
Naked people started falling.
1061
01:13:27,668 --> 01:13:29,306
We were all scared.
1062
01:13:32,828 --> 01:13:34,819
No one dared to ask
what was that.
1063
01:13:36,028 --> 01:13:38,542
We were soon taken
to the other side of the building.
1064
01:13:44,548 --> 01:13:46,425
That's when we saw hell on Earth.
1065
01:13:53,948 --> 01:13:56,098
Big piles of dead people
1066
01:13:56,268 --> 01:13:58,657
and people dragging these dead
to a long ditch
1067
01:13:58,828 --> 01:14:01,786
about 30 meters
long and 10 wide.
1068
01:14:02,908 --> 01:14:05,138
There was a large wood fire.
1069
01:14:10,108 --> 01:14:14,021
On the other side, they removed the fat
from the ditch with a bucket.
1070
01:14:16,028 --> 01:14:18,019
We had to start soon
working.
1071
01:14:18,668 --> 01:14:21,705
We were used to
to respect the dead.
1072
01:14:22,708 --> 01:14:24,346
It was difficult for us.
1073
01:14:25,348 --> 01:14:27,816
Four people
they picked up a corpse,
1074
01:14:28,148 --> 01:14:32,221
but SS said:
"No, each with a corpse."
1075
01:14:33,708 --> 01:14:36,347
He showed us how
with a simple cane.
1076
01:14:37,668 --> 01:14:41,456
One grabbed the chin
to put the cane on the neck
1077
01:14:41,748 --> 01:14:45,900
and drag him to the ditch like
if it were a rag or a stick.
1078
01:14:47,988 --> 01:14:49,979
In the ditch, there were other people
1079
01:14:50,228 --> 01:14:51,866
who pushed the dead
to the ditch.
1080
01:14:52,508 --> 01:14:54,066
This had to be quick.
1081
01:14:54,668 --> 01:14:59,662
There were others who threw themselves,
who jumped into the ditch, alive.
1082
01:15:01,508 --> 01:15:03,942
Looks like they thought it was better
be burned
1083
01:15:04,988 --> 01:15:06,706
than doing that task.
1084
01:15:11,148 --> 01:15:15,699
After a week, one night
They took me to Crematorium 1.
1085
01:15:17,348 --> 01:15:20,340
I didn't know there was Crematorium 1.
1086
01:15:22,988 --> 01:15:25,946
The conditions
in Crematorium 1 they were better.
1087
01:15:27,308 --> 01:15:29,981
We had a place to sleep,
near the ovens.
1088
01:15:31,268 --> 01:15:33,020
It was also bigger.
1089
01:15:33,908 --> 01:15:37,025
The work was more mechanical.
1090
01:15:39,668 --> 01:15:42,819
The gas chamber was very large.
1091
01:15:44,268 --> 01:15:48,420
Everywhere there were water pipes,
as for showers.
1092
01:15:49,748 --> 01:15:52,216
Everyone got together
It's around these showers.
1093
01:15:53,468 --> 01:15:55,379
They didn't know yet.
1094
01:15:56,668 --> 01:15:57,896
Some knew,
1095
01:15:58,108 --> 01:16:01,339
but they refused to believe
which was a gas chamber.
1096
01:16:07,148 --> 01:16:11,300
They put 2 thousand,
2500 people in the chamber.
1097
01:16:12,828 --> 01:16:14,625
If there wasn't enough space,
1098
01:16:14,828 --> 01:16:18,104
children were thrown
over people's heads.
1099
01:16:18,548 --> 01:16:21,346
They were so together,
one on top of the other,
1100
01:16:21,948 --> 01:16:25,065
like a needle
could fall,
1101
01:16:25,228 --> 01:16:26,946
would be on top of people.
1102
01:16:27,108 --> 01:16:29,224
The door was hermetically closed.
1103
01:16:30,828 --> 01:16:32,784
Above,
1104
01:16:33,628 --> 01:16:37,018
they threw two to three cans
of Zyklon-B.
1105
01:16:38,708 --> 01:16:40,505
This was always done by an SS.
1106
01:16:42,268 --> 01:16:45,180
A doctor was always present
at the time of poisoning.
1107
01:16:46,628 --> 01:16:50,780
The doctor decided
when you could open the door
1108
01:16:50,948 --> 01:16:53,746
and toxic gases
were removed from the room.
1109
01:16:55,628 --> 01:16:57,664
He lurked
through a hole in the door
1110
01:16:57,828 --> 01:17:01,616
and see if there was
some movement or shouting.
1111
01:17:02,828 --> 01:17:04,659
And he decided accordingly.
1112
01:17:06,468 --> 01:17:08,823
Some started to pray.
1113
01:17:10,188 --> 01:17:12,338
Most Jews were Orthodox.
1114
01:17:12,748 --> 01:17:16,263
They didn't believe
for such a thing to happen.
1115
01:17:16,428 --> 01:17:19,067
They were willing
to die for God,
1116
01:17:20,468 --> 01:17:22,299
but the revolt had no place there.
1117
01:17:24,148 --> 01:17:25,547
We even told them:
1118
01:17:26,228 --> 01:17:29,345
"Do something! You're going to die!"
1119
01:17:31,188 --> 01:17:32,621
But they didn't believe us.
1120
01:17:42,988 --> 01:17:46,503
There were all kinds of reactions
of all types of people.
1121
01:17:47,828 --> 01:17:49,546
There were disabled people.
1122
01:17:50,148 --> 01:17:52,537
They showed the war card
1123
01:17:52,828 --> 01:17:55,626
to prove that they had fought
in the First World War
1124
01:17:55,788 --> 01:17:58,985
with all kinds of distinctions
and medals from the height.
1125
01:18:00,348 --> 01:18:02,384
They screamed, "What is this?
1126
01:18:03,068 --> 01:18:06,777
"We fought for Germany and now
Are they going to burn us to death? No.
1127
01:18:07,388 --> 01:18:09,424
We are against that."
1128
01:18:11,348 --> 01:18:13,066
But everyone laughed,
1129
01:18:14,268 --> 01:18:18,625
because the SS didn't take them
seriously. They laughed at everything.
1130
01:18:23,188 --> 01:18:26,976
There were invalids I helped undress,
because they couldn't do it alone.
1131
01:18:27,668 --> 01:18:29,579
There were others who also helped.
1132
01:18:29,788 --> 01:18:31,540
I spoke to these people.
1133
01:18:32,508 --> 01:18:35,545
In certain cases,
I saw people I knew.
1134
01:18:37,188 --> 01:18:39,782
My heart
wouldn't let me go to them
1135
01:18:39,948 --> 01:18:41,586
to talk to them.
1136
01:18:45,508 --> 01:18:47,783
Who hasn't been through this
1137
01:18:47,948 --> 01:18:50,303
can't imagine
what is the will to live,
1138
01:18:50,748 --> 01:18:52,864
which is a moment of life.
1139
01:18:58,148 --> 01:19:02,346
All people, without exception,
are capable of doing the worst
1140
01:19:02,508 --> 01:19:04,305
just to live one more minute.
1141
01:19:18,548 --> 01:19:21,016
Many women had abortions
during poisoning.
1142
01:19:21,548 --> 01:19:23,539
People were hitting each other.
1143
01:19:23,708 --> 01:19:26,586
They dug their nails into each other
others. There were nail marks.
1144
01:19:27,588 --> 01:19:29,579
Everyone wanted to survive.
1145
01:19:30,268 --> 01:19:32,224
But it was impossible.
1146
01:19:36,828 --> 01:19:38,227
When the doors opened,
1147
01:19:38,388 --> 01:19:40,663
they let the toxic gas out
with fans.
1148
01:19:42,028 --> 01:19:44,144
After 15 minutes
there was no poison
1149
01:19:44,308 --> 01:19:46,822
and we entered
to remove the bodies.
1150
01:19:52,628 --> 01:19:55,142
They were taken by elevators
to the ovens.
1151
01:20:02,908 --> 01:20:04,466
Near the ovens, up there,
1152
01:20:04,988 --> 01:20:07,980
there was a man who removed
the gold teeth and plates.
1153
01:20:09,308 --> 01:20:11,344
They shaved women's hair
1154
01:20:12,188 --> 01:20:15,783
and looked for valuable goods
in the most intimate places,
1155
01:20:15,948 --> 01:20:17,540
mainly in women.
1156
01:20:20,788 --> 01:20:24,463
In the oven, the corpses took time
15 minutes to burn.
1157
01:20:25,268 --> 01:20:28,465
There were only a few ashes left.
1158
01:20:34,828 --> 01:20:37,217
On July 24, 1944,
1159
01:20:37,948 --> 01:20:41,065
the Russians liberated Lublin
in Eastern Poland.
1160
01:20:42,188 --> 01:20:43,416
On the outskirts of the city,
1161
01:20:43,628 --> 01:20:45,619
found the field
of Majdanek concentration.
1162
01:20:46,268 --> 01:20:48,657
The SS had tried to kill
all prisoners
1163
01:20:48,828 --> 01:20:51,581
and destroy all evidence
of the extermination center,
1164
01:20:52,028 --> 01:20:54,337
but a Resistance group
Polish woman invaded the field
1165
01:20:54,508 --> 01:20:56,305
before the job was finished.
1166
01:20:56,708 --> 01:21:00,064
The gas cameras disguised as
showers and deworming rooms,
1167
01:21:00,228 --> 01:21:02,105
they were intact.
1168
01:21:02,388 --> 01:21:06,017
Crematories still
with remains of human ashes
1169
01:21:06,268 --> 01:21:08,463
they were slightly damaged.
1170
01:21:22,708 --> 01:21:24,938
Nearby,
found cabbage gardens
1171
01:21:25,108 --> 01:21:27,144
with human bone fertilizer.
1172
01:21:27,988 --> 01:21:31,185
Auschwitz was now
less than 270 km.
1173
01:21:31,348 --> 01:21:34,146
But the Russians
They didn't bomb the field.
1174
01:21:34,548 --> 01:21:36,539
The ovens
They didn't stop for a minute.
1175
01:21:44,468 --> 01:21:45,821
They were working two shifts,
1176
01:21:46,468 --> 01:21:48,299
from 6am to 6pm.
1177
01:21:50,388 --> 01:21:52,902
One night, I was present
when they brought the gypsies
1178
01:21:53,068 --> 01:21:54,467
to be burned.
1179
01:22:00,108 --> 01:22:01,461
It was a horrendous sight.
1180
01:22:02,828 --> 01:22:04,546
They screamed like soulless people.
1181
01:22:10,588 --> 01:22:11,941
The screams in the Bunker,
1182
01:22:12,828 --> 01:22:14,944
in the crematorium, in the gas chamber,
1183
01:22:16,068 --> 01:22:17,501
they were horrible.
1184
01:22:19,148 --> 01:22:20,866
Even today I wonder
1185
01:22:21,588 --> 01:22:24,022
How does God
didn't hear those screams.
1186
01:22:25,388 --> 01:22:28,505
I think it's incredible
that He did not hear that.
1187
01:22:29,508 --> 01:22:31,658
They were... horrible.
1188
01:22:32,788 --> 01:22:34,380
The screams to the sky.
1189
01:22:38,068 --> 01:22:40,184
But now, it was ending.
1190
01:22:40,788 --> 01:22:42,904
The Germans withdrew
on all fronts
1191
01:22:43,068 --> 01:22:44,899
trying to destroy the evidence
along the way.
1192
01:22:50,628 --> 01:22:55,224
The Russians arrived at Auschwitz
on January 26, 1945.
1193
01:23:04,348 --> 01:23:08,307
They only found 2819 people,
1194
01:23:08,868 --> 01:23:11,143
very old or sick
to get out of there,
1195
01:23:11,308 --> 01:23:14,061
people the SS thought
that they were going to die anyway.
1196
01:23:14,508 --> 01:23:17,341
Everyone else was taken
Hurry to Germany.
1197
01:23:39,948 --> 01:23:42,667
Among the survivors,
there was a group of children,
1198
01:23:42,828 --> 01:23:44,341
mostly twins,
1199
01:23:44,508 --> 01:23:47,545
pathetic survivors
of Himmler's experiments.
1200
01:23:54,268 --> 01:23:56,498
They also found warehouses
full to the top
1201
01:23:56,668 --> 01:23:59,978
with things the SS didn't have
time to ship to Germany.
1202
01:24:18,988 --> 01:24:22,105
In April 1945,
the British and the Americans
1203
01:24:22,268 --> 01:24:24,543
ruled the fields
of East Germany.
1204
01:24:25,148 --> 01:24:28,823
Of the millions who were
in fields across Europe,
1205
01:24:29,228 --> 01:24:33,141
the Allies only arrived in time
to save the last 500 thousand.
1206
01:24:33,988 --> 01:24:36,741
Hundreds of thousands of them
they would also die,
1207
01:24:37,228 --> 01:24:39,219
victims of hunger and disease.
1208
01:25:05,868 --> 01:25:10,862
We will never know for sure
how many people did the SS kill.
1209
01:25:12,188 --> 01:25:13,860
500 thousand gypsies,
1210
01:25:14,508 --> 01:25:16,066
3 million Poles,
1211
01:25:16,468 --> 01:25:18,345
more than 5 million Jews
1212
01:25:18,508 --> 01:25:20,624
and many other millions of Slavs.
1213
01:25:20,788 --> 01:25:24,667
At least 14 million
of human beings died
1214
01:25:24,828 --> 01:25:27,422
as a direct result
of a racial theory.
1215
01:25:57,788 --> 01:26:01,337
Auschwitz is
how the Russians found him.
1216
01:26:01,788 --> 01:26:04,143
A decaying memorial
To your victims.
1217
01:26:04,548 --> 01:26:07,221
Nobody knows for sure
how many people died here.
1218
01:26:07,788 --> 01:26:09,107
One million?
1219
01:26:09,468 --> 01:26:10,947
Maybe double.
1220
01:26:36,748 --> 01:26:39,023
The field, half destroyed,
1221
01:26:39,548 --> 01:26:42,984
the crematorium in ruins,
undone in a hurry by the SS,
1222
01:26:43,468 --> 01:26:45,902
and a hole,
in place of the gas chamber
1223
01:26:46,068 --> 01:26:49,026
where 2500 people
were killed each time.
1224
01:26:49,428 --> 01:26:52,579
Everything is as it was in 1945.
1225
01:27:02,348 --> 01:27:03,940
The woods behind the field,
1226
01:27:04,108 --> 01:27:06,702
where so many waited
to enter the gas chamber,
1227
01:27:07,068 --> 01:27:10,140
remain the same,
indifferent to memories.
1228
01:27:10,548 --> 01:27:12,584
This territory
it was once a swamp.
1229
01:27:12,988 --> 01:27:16,298
But then the SS used him
to get rid of the ashes.
1230
01:27:18,668 --> 01:27:21,262
If you touch the ground somewhere on the field,
1231
01:27:21,428 --> 01:27:23,339
as far as we can see,
1232
01:27:23,748 --> 01:27:27,343
the hand is covered
from a human bone clay.
1233
01:27:28,588 --> 01:27:31,307
The clay extends
three meters below the earth.
1234
01:28:38,348 --> 01:28:41,977
The ruins of Auschwitz
They are more than a memory.
1235
01:28:42,868 --> 01:28:46,622
As long as intolerance exists
politics, religious prejudices,
1236
01:28:47,508 --> 01:28:50,705
racial prejudices,
they are a warning.
1237
01:28:51,948 --> 01:28:54,462
A warning we all have
the responsibility
1238
01:28:54,628 --> 01:28:58,382
to make sure that no one builds
another Auschwitz.
1239
01:29:02,300 --> 01:29:05,800
Translation and Subtitling:
M�nica Moreira / SINTAGMA - CCBS Multimedia
1240
01:29:05,801 --> 01:29:09,301
Subtitles ripped and adapted by:
boi_cavalo